rationality and learning 

ABSTRACT                   

Thinking is a special ability of human. Rational thinking is more than advance concept of it. “What is rational thinking’ , what is the importance of rational thinking, how to rationality can use in education and it development, these are the surrounding of the rationality.

 

Introduction

Thinking is a marvels skill of human mind which is can’t identify physically. It can identify as only, gift which is received from evolutionary and nature. It is not merely normal thinking, also emotional or rational both. But important thing is rationality, because rational thinking leads a person “how to get best way?”  in different of life junctions.

WHAT IS RATIONAL THINKING???

Rational come from Latin word “rationalis”, meaning reasonable or logical. Person who is called rationalist, do things based on logics. Rational person always analytic knowledge and justify reasons according to their own ability.

Human rationality; humans are not always rational in every time. But they can think and behave rationally, based on nature of occasion and how to apply rational knowledge for it.  Most of time it can be consider as skill of mind which is made while developing human brain since embryonic stage. Rational thinking may be different person to person according to facts that affect it. For example it will depend on psychology, demography, geographic segmentation, culture, religion, social class, backward class, economic and statics etc. majorly we can tell, experience are leads rational thinking of persons. At the time of facing new problem,

Person is getting way according to his thinking ability with the uses of his knowledge. There are different kinds of rational thinking. 

• instrumental rationality
• incrimental rationality
• substantive rationality
• bounded rationality
• pragmatic rationality
• fundamentalist rationality
• ethical rationality

HOW TO USE RATIONAL THINKING FOR LEANING??

Rationality is a goal of education complements and clarifies a variety of other educational goal. It is avoid the limitation of the developmental and thinking skills approaches. it is not only justifiable goal of education, but also important end in itself. There are several suggestions for fostering rationality at various education levels. Researches also find method that can develop rationality at students. It gives,

 

•          Make thinking visible
•          Help in learning a new skill
•          Lesson our reliance on experience
•          Apply the process in new or unfamiliar situation
•          Help others improve their thinking abilities
•  

 

  Example;  student use mathematical equation as

A = B

B = C

THEN; A = C.

 CONCLUSION

Rationality is way of look at the future . conservatism does not invent, the rational person change the future. It is same true of past present as well as future. So if you want to feel good, be rational!

 

REFFERENCE

1]http://www.jstor.org

2]http://www.brictinaria.com

     KNOWLEDGE AND THE PHILOSOPHY 

P.c. Sankalpani

Faculty of Applied Sciences

Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

(ASB/18/19/084)

chathuminisankalpani@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

When look at the learning with eye of philosophical, it is differ from general view. It is engaged with logical questioning and board discussion. Clarify thinking, explore meaning. Epistemology is about knowledge. Perception is important term of knowledge. Hume’s theory explain further about it.

Keywords: knowledge, Learning, perception, epistemology, disciplinary knowledge.

Introduction

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding or understanding someone or something , facts skills or object. When consider knowledge; epistemology, perception, reason, memory,   education, scientific inquiry are different ways and sources. Those are important in day-to-day life.

 EPISTEMOLOGY 

Epistemology is branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Study of nature , origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, are included epistemology. Many epistemologist think knowledge is justified true belief, where the justification we have is linked to the truth of the matter in the right kind of the way.

 

Perception

Perception is based on beliefs and leads to from further beliefs. Memories can affect perception. Because perception is bond with stimulate. Knowledge in the form of stored representations of past visual experience can affect perception in various ways. According to that perception can be different on experience of person.  Perception is based on how to interpret different sensations.  The perceptual process begins with receiving stimuli from the environment and ends with our interpretation of those stimuli. Three are five stages of perception which are; stimulation, organization, interpretation, memory and recall. The study of perception tells us to correct potentially hazardous environment conditions that threaten the senses and impair the ability to make decision.

The topic of perception can be divided into visual perception, auditory perception, olfactory perception, haptic perception, and gustatory perception.

Understanding perception is important because it affect to our day-to-day life. All peoples different from others and naturally our perception will sometime differ as well.

Hume’s theory of knowledge

In epistemology, Hume questioned common notion of personal identify and argued that there is no permanent “self” that continuous over time. He argues that such knowledge is impossible.  

Structure of disciplinary knowledge

An academic investigation of the concept of disciplinarily stats off with an exploration of the etymology of the term “discipline “originated from the Latin word “disciples”. DISCIPLINE IS AN ORGANIZED BODY OF KNOWLEDGE WITH A LOGICAL STUCURE. It is a network of concept and generalization which explain the relationship among a body of facts. The knowledge in different disciplines is gained through specialized techniques. There are four dimension of disciplinary knowledge. 

Knowledge; concepts ,relationship, theories of particular discipline.

Method: way of effective communication

Purpose; goal that drive disciplinary inquiry

Forms of communication: disciplinary language.

 

Important of knowledge; 

Knowledge is clearly valuable in the sense of securing success in practical life, or at least making success more.

.

4. CONCLUSION

Let’s use philosophical knowledge for future success with the logic, attitudes, critical thinking effectively. 

 

                   

Arguments 

              

ABSTRACT 

Argument are series of statement. Knowledge of argument represent an important way of thinking. Because people have different thinking and different opinion. Arguments are composed with premises and conclusion . It is not ability to build argument without language. Language is complex  instrument used to communicate different thing.

Keywords: Argument, logic, reasons , language, critical thinking 

WHAT IS Arguments???

Argument is series of statement. Argument is used to support any statement between those who have opposite ideas. Argument can be grouped. Those are different types. Language is act as basic thing of arguments 

Arguments and theories

• Arguments are series of statement. Those are supported to give evidence for some statement. Premises and conclusions are two concept in argument. Premises is a statement that provides reason or support for the conclusion. conclusion is a statement in an argument that indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince the listener. Premises lead to conclusion. There is special markers as "argument markers" that are supported to identify conclusion and arguments. premises can be identify from premises marker and conclusion can identify from conclusion marker. Argument can be good or bad . It is depend on knowledge , attitudes, experience, and strong of argument. There are two kind of arguments. Deductive arguments and inductive arguments. Deductive arguments can be valid or invalid. For a example, there is a person those who got punishment  for murder case. He is not good person. But still have chance him for be a good person. Like that, if the argument valid there are two types as good argument or bad arguments. Lets consider another example; 1.all of trees are classified under kingdom plantae. Cocous nusipera is a tree. Then cocous nusipera classified under kingdom plantae. If premises true/valid, argument can be valid. Inductive arguments also two types as strong or weak arguments. If premises false, argument is bad.   

2.1 Language in argument

Language is used to communicate ideas, feelings, and emotions. There are interaction of and inter-reliance of language and argument. Make strong argument , express ideas within critically thinking and identify nature of argument and structure of argument language is basic and most important thing. For  understand argument first should understand language.

Refference

 

1. reading mateaials

2. course slides

Philosophy of science

 what is philosophy of science? 

philosophy is study of general and fundamental problem of knowledge, truth, language, mind, values, reasons.

It is a Greek which is given meaning as "love" and "wisdom"

philosophy is a tree of composed with several interconnected branches.

Those are, #Meta physics

                   #Aesthetic

                  #Epistemology

                 #logics

                  #Ethics

#METAPHYSICS,

the branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concept such as being, knowing, identity, time and space.it is about truth. "what is truth?" is a philosophical problem.

#AESTHETIC

is a branch of philosophy about art and beauty. Taste of art/beauty can be changed with person.

#EPISTOMOLOGY

is a philosophical study of knowledge. it is books of information that are acquired from the life experience or theories.

#LOGICS

  The systematic use of symbolic and mathematic techniques to determine the forms of valid deductive argument. The practical use of logic is in any case to reason well, and to draw good inference.

#ETHICS

the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles. they affect how people make decisions and lead their lives.

what are the difference between science and philosophy

science is about physical objects, but philosophy is also about abstract objects

science is about empirical knowledge, but philosophy is also about a priori knowledge.

science is about descriptive facts, but philosophy is also about normative truths.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHILOSOPHY

               philosophy helps us express what is distinctive in our views, it enhances our ability to explain difficult material, and it helps us to to eliminate ambiguities and vagueness from our writing and speech. The study of philosophy enhance ability to problem solving capacities.it also contributes uniquely to the development of expressive and communicative powers. philosophy provides training in the construction of clear formulations, good arguments, and appropriate examples. philosophy is indispensable for our ability to understand other discipline.

Summary

philosophy is study about fundamental problems. there are more advantages of learning philosophy. we can help philosophy for solving day-to-day problems. it help to view things as critically, analytically and empathetically. it is create person those who got the correct way of thinking...

REFFERENCES

• Bertrand Russell(2016)The value of philosophy: 5th June

;17-20)

• Britannica (2020)ethics: 5th June 

http://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy

• Britannica (2020)metaphysics5th June

http://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy

• Quora(2014)difference between science and philosophy

http://www.quora.com/what-is-the-difference-science-and-philosophy